Fire safety is an essential aspect of safety in homes, workplaces and public spaces. Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher effectively can prevent a minor fire incident from becoming a devastating blaze.
This blog provides a comprehensive understanding of fire extinguishers, exploring the classes of fires and the corresponding types of fires they combat. It teaches proper techniques for safe extinguisher use and emphasises the importance of training and awareness in improving fire safety.
Understanding Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are active fire protection devices that extinguish or control small fires. They are not suitable for out-of-control fires, such as those that have reached the ceiling, require the expertise of a fire department, or endanger the operator. The first step in understanding fire extinguishers is recognising the available types and their purposes.
Classes of Fires and the Appropriate Extinguishers
Fires are classified based on the burning materials, and each fire class requires a specific type of extinguisher. Matching the extinguisher type to potential fire hazards is vital.
Here are the five main classes of fires and the corresponding extinguishers:
- Class A: Fires involving ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper and cloth. Water or foam extinguishers are effective for such fires.
- Class B: Fires involving flammable liquids like gasoline, oil or grease. Foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers are suitable for Class B fires.
- Class C: These fires involve electrical equipment. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers are recommended for fires involving electrical equipment.
- Class D: Fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium or titanium. Dry powder extinguishers are designed for metal fires.
- Class K: Fires involving cooking oils and fats in kitchen appliances. Wet chemical extinguishers are specifically designed for this class of fires.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher Safely
Using a fire extinguisher correctly can help prevent a fire from spreading. Here are ten tips for using a fire extinguisher safely:
- Know your extinguisher: Familiarise yourself with the type, operating instructions and applications of your fire extinguisher. Each type is designed for specific fire classes; knowing this can prevent accidents and ensure effectiveness.
- Sound the alarm: Before attempting to fight a fire, ensure the fire alarm is activated and the building is being evacuated. This alerts others to the danger and ensures help is on the way.
- Ensure a Safe Exit: Ensure a safe exit behind you before you attempt to use the extinguisher. This precaution helps you avoid being trapped by fire if conditions worsen.
- Use the PASS Technique: The PASS technique helps in targeting the fire effectively. It includes the following steps:
- Pull the pin to unlock the mechanism. This action prepares the extinguisher for immediate use.
- Aim low at the base of the fire, not the flames, to attack the fire’s source. This helps extinguish the fire at its root, preventing it from spreading.
- Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. This step initiates the discharge of the extinguisher, deploying the suppressant onto the fire.
- Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is out. This ensures the extinguishing agent is spread evenly over the fire’s surface.
Mastering the PASS technique can significantly improve your ability to tackle fires safely and efficiently.
- Stay at a Safe Distance: Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance, typically 6 to 8 feet away and then move closer once the fire starts to diminish. Keeping distance minimises the risk of harm from heat and flames.
- Stay Alert: Keep an eye on the area if the fire reignites. Fires can flare up again, so monitoring the situation is essential even after the flames appear out.
- Inspect the extinguisher: Ensure the extinguisher is in working order and fully charged before use. Regular checks can help detect any issues or the need for a recharge, making sure it’s ready for use when needed.
- Fire Extinguisher Training: A fire extinguisher course teaches extinguishers’ types, uses and maintenance, focusing on using the PASS technique. This training ensures individuals can effectively use an extinguisher in emergencies, enhancing safety and response efficiency.
Importance of Fire Awareness Training
Fire safety awareness training ensures everyone knows what to do during a fire. It includes understanding the different types of fires, knowing the locations of extinguishers and operating them correctly. Regular fire drills and training can help individuals feel more prepared and reduce panic in emergencies.
Conclusion
Knowing the types of fire extinguishers, recognising the different classes of fires and following safety tips for using extinguishers can help prevent small fires from becoming large disasters. Moreover, training and awareness empower individuals with the knowledge and skills to respond effectively in emergencies.
